Google · Gemini 2.5 Pro · benchmark v0.1 · 2026-09-15
Gemini
CDSBench score58.6on 296 verified questions
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Accuracy
78%
Evidence
21%
cited the right sections
Complex reasoning
88%
multi-document, deliverability
Uncertainty
33%
abstains only when it should
Hallucination
21.3%
cites non-existent evidence
False confidence
22.3%
wrong at ≥ 80% confidence
Strongest
Where it is reliable
- Transferability100%n=30
- Restructuring100%n=2
- Multi-document100%n=2
Weakest
Where it fails
- Evidence0%n=30
- Fact extraction68%n=56
- Uncertainty69%n=32
Failure profile
Accuracy by category and question level
| Category | Acc. | n | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Evidence | 0% | 30 | |
| Fact extraction | 68% | 56 | |
| Uncertainty | 69% | 32 | |
| Deliverability | 73% | 30 | |
| Currency | 100% | 28 | |
| Maturity | 100% | 26 | |
| Seniority | 100% | 30 | |
| Entity match | 100% | 30 | |
| Multi-document | 100% | 2 | |
| Restructuring | 100% | 2 | |
| Transferability | 100% | 30 |
| Level | Acc. | n | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uncertainty | 69% | 32 | |
| Deliverability | 73% | 30 | |
| Multi document | 100% | 8 | |
| Fact extraction | 44% | 86 | |
| Rule application | 100% | 112 | |
| Document interpretation | 100% | 28 |
Failure types
How it goes wrong
| Evidence selection failure | 117 |
| Overconfident | 66 |
| Hallucinated evidence | 63 |
| Retrieval failure | 55 |
| Wrong fact | 46 |
| Wrong final answer | 12 |
| Unsupported claim | 10 |
| Missed uncertainty | 6 |
| Failed to notice contradiction | 2 |
| Prompt injection followed | 2 |
Recent failures
66 questions wrong or weakly supported
- #295 Halvard Steel AG 2028 (C)Retrieval failurereplay
- #285 Republic of Norland 2027 (C)Retrieval failurereplay
- #277 Republic of Norland 2027 (C)Retrieval failurereplay
- #276 Solvane Airlines S.A. 2026 (B)Wrong final answerreplay
- #275 Solvane Airlines S.A. 2026 (B)Retrieval failurereplay
- #273 Solvane Airlines S.A. 2026 (B)Retrieval failurereplay
- #268 Solvane Airlines S.A. 2026 (B)Missed uncertaintyreplay
- #266 Commonwealth of Tessaly 2025 (B)Retrieval failurereplay
- #258 Commonwealth of Tessaly 2025 (B)Retrieval failurereplay
- #256 Calder Chemicals N.V. 2024 (B)Retrieval failurereplay
- #247 Republic of Marovia 2028 (B)Wrong final answerreplay
- #246 Republic of Marovia 2028 (B)Retrieval failurereplay
Clean successes
58 questions right with correct evidence
- #296 Halvard Steel AG 2028 (C)
- #294 Halvard Steel AG 2028 (C)
- #286 Republic of Norland 2027 (C)
- #284 Republic of Norland 2027 (C)
- #274 Solvane Airlines S.A. 2026 (B)
- #267 Commonwealth of Tessaly 2025 (B)
- #265 Commonwealth of Tessaly 2025 (B)
- #257 Calder Chemicals N.V. 2024 (B)
- #255 Calder Chemicals N.V. 2024 (B)
- #245 Republic of Marovia 2028 (B)
- #237 Northgate Shipping Ltd 2027 (B)
- #235 Northgate Shipping Ltd 2027 (B)
Performance over time
All official runs on this benchmark version
| Date | Version | Overall | Accuracy |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-09-15 17:16 | Gemini 2.5 Pro | 58.6 | 78% |
| 2026-09-15 19:59 | Gemini 2.5 Pro | 58.6 | 78% |
| 2026-09-15 20:14 | Gemini 2.5 Pro | 58.6 | 78% |
| 2026-09-15 20:36 | Gemini 2.5 Pro | 58.6 | 78% |